Tube bending is the umbrella term for metal forming processes used to permanently form pipes or tubing. 

One has to differentiate between form-bound and freeform-bending procedures, as well as between heat supported and cold forming procedures.

Form bound bending procedures like “press bending” or “rotary draw bending” are used to form the workpiece into the shape of a die. Straight tube stock can be formed using a bending machine to create a variety of single or multiple bends and to shape the piece into the desired form. 

These processes can be used to form complex shapes out of different types of ductile metal tubing. Freeform-bending processes, like three-roll-push bending, shape the workpiece kinematically, thus the bending contour is not dependent on the tool geometry.

A water jet cutter, also known as a water jet or waterjet, is an industrial tool capable of cutting a wide variety of materials using a very high-pressure jet of water, or a mixture of water and an abrasive substance. 

The term abrasive jet refers specifically to the use of a mixture of water and abrasive to cut hard materials such as metal or granite, while the terms pure waterjet and water-only cutting refer to waterjet cutting without the use of added abrasives, often used for softer materials such as wood or rubber.

Waterjet cutting is often used during fabrication of machine parts. It is the preferred method when the materials being cut are sensitive to the high temperatures generated by other methods. Waterjet cutting is used in various industries, including mining and aerospace, for cutting, shaping, and reaming.

Polishing is often used to enhance the appearance of an item, prevent contamination of instruments, remove oxidation, create a reflective surface, or prevent corrosion in pipes. In metallography and metallurgy, polishing is used to create a flat, defect-free surface for examination of a metal's microstructure under a microscope. Silicon-based polishing pads or a diamond solution can be used in the polishing process. Polishing stainless steel can also increase the sanitary benefits of stainless steel.

The removal of oxidization (tarnish) from metal objects is accomplished using a metal polish or tarnish remover; this is also called polishing. To prevent further unwanted oxidization, polished metal surfaces may be coated with wax, oil, or lacquer. This is of particular concern for copper alloy products such as brass and bronze.

Continuous Processing Features Four Tapping Stations (supporting inch and metric sizes) can be automatically changed to increase the number of parts that can be tapped on the NCT. 

When a tapping tool reaches the preset number of hits, it is automatically replaced with a spare. 

This allows for continuous operation over extended periods of time. Tapping stations have a unique broken-tap detection system which will immediately stop the machine in the event a tap breaks.

Reliable-High Quality Processing Tools are managed through a digital ID system. Engineered to reduce setup errors and maintenance.